Zakat on NFTs

Short answer: NFTs are like goods — intention sets the ruling. (a) NFTs bought to resell at profit are trade goods: 2.5% yearly on their realistic market value (what a sale today would fetch). (b) Personal-collection/use NFTs (profile pictures, digital art kept for oneself) are personal assets — no zakat. (c) Royalty income from NFTs follows the cash rules. Details: If the market dries up and the piece cannot sell, its value is effectively nil — nothing is due on it that year; it re-enters the reckoning when value returns. NFTs of haram content are impermissible to trade at all. Where valuation is hard, use comparable recent sales (floor price). Evidence: Sahih al-Bukhari 1 (intentions); Sahih al-Bukhari 1464 (personal-use exemption); Quran 2:267 with the trade-goods principles of the Permanent Committee and Shaykh Ibn Baz. For complex individual cases, consult a qualified scholar.