Question
I borrowed a large sum for business, but it still sits in my account — a year has passed. Is zakat due on borrowed money?
Ruling (Fatwa)
Short answer: Yes — upon borrowing, the money becomes your property (that is the very point of a loan: you gain the right to spend it); despite the liability you owe, this wealth in hand owes zakat once nisab and hawl complete — the weightier evidence-based view (debt does not block zakat). The allowance to deduct the imminently due installment applies here too.
Details: Is the same money zakated twice? No — the creditor pays on his receivable (a strong debt), you pay on cash in your hand; two distinct wealth positions of two people. And remember: borrowing at interest is haram; if you took a goodly loan, repay well and on time — 'the best of you are the best in repayment' (Sahih al-Bukhari 2393).
Evidence: Quran 9:103; Sahih al-Bukhari 1395 (collection from apparent wealth without debt inquiry); Sahih al-Bukhari 2393; Shaykh al-Uthaymin that a debtor holding nisab pays zakat.
For complex individual cases, consult a qualified scholar.
References
Quran
Quran 9:103
Hadith
Bukhari 1395, 2393
Fiqh
al-Uthaymin on the debtor's zakat