Question
Can I authorize a relative or committee to distribute my zakat on my behalf?
Ruling (Fatwa)
Short answer: Yes, it is permissible to authorize a trustworthy relative or committee to distribute your zakat on your behalf. This is based on the established practice of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Rightly Guided Caliphs, who appointed collectors and distributors of zakat. The appointed person must be honest and should distribute the zakat according to the eight categories specified in the Qur'an (9:60). The responsibility to ensure correct payment remains with the original owner, but if the agent is trustworthy, the obligation is fulfilled.
Evidence:
1. Sahih al-Bukhari 1468: The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered a person to collect zakat, showing that delegation of zakat duties is lawful.
2. Sahih al-Bukhari 1454: Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) to Bahrain to collect zakat, further confirming that one may authorize another to handle zakat affairs.
Note: There is no evidence prohibiting delegation; rather, the prophetic and caliphal practice supports it. Some scholars prefer that the payer personally distributes zakat to ensure it reaches the deserving, but delegation is a valid and often practical option.
Closing disclaimer: This fatwa is based on the evidence provided. For complex cases involving large sums or specific circumstances, consult a knowledgeable scholar.
References
Hadith
Sahih al-Bukhari 1468; Sahih al-Bukhari 1454
Fiqh
Sahih al-Bukhari; Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Ifta; Ibn Baz; al-Uthaymin