The Meaning of 'Fi Sabilillah' in Zakat

Short answer: According to the clear evidence from the Qur'an and the understanding of the early scholars, 'Fi Sabilillah' (in the path of Allah) in the context of zakat recipients (Surah At-Tawbah 9:60) refers specifically to armed jihad in the cause of Allah and its preparation. This includes providing weapons, equipment, and support for fighters (Mujahidun) and frontier guards. It does not include building mosques, roads, bridges, da'wah activities, student scholarships, or general welfare projects. Some later scholars have expanded the meaning to include all charitable works, but the evidence-weighted position based on the primary usage in the Qur'an (where it is interpreted as 'for the Mujahidun') and the consensus of the Salaf is that it is restricted to jihad. Evidence: 1. Surah At-Tawbah 9:60 lists 'Fi Sabilillah' as one of the eight categories of zakat recipients. The classical exegesis (Tafsir) confirms it means 'those fighting in Allah's path' (Mujahidun). 2. The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta (Saudi Arabia) and Shaykh Ibn Baz state: 'The primary meaning of 'fi sabilillah' in the verse is jihad in the path of Allah and its preparation... Building mosques, roads, bridges or general public welfare are not included.' Therefore, zakat funds allocated to 'Fi Sabilillah' should be given directly to those engaged in or preparing for physical jihad in defense of Islam. For other charitable needs, other categories such as 'the poor' or 'the needy' may be used. Disclaimer: This is a summary based on the provided evidence. For complex cases, please consult a qualified scholar.