Gold reserves by country

Official gold held by central banks — the buyers who do not care what the price is. When this table changes, the gold price usually follows.

Reported holdings, Q1 2026 (as reported)

29335Tonnes in the top 26

United StatesLargest holder

8134 tIts holding

1 🇺🇸United States 8133.5 t 72.0% of reserves

2 🇩🇪Germany 3350.3 t 70.0% of reserves

3 🇮🇹Italy 2451.8 t 66.0% of reserves

4 🇫🇷France 2437.0 t 68.0% of reserves

5 🇷🇺Russia Reserves frozen abroad in 2022 — gold is the part it still controls 2335.9 t 30.0% of reserves

6 🇨🇳China Reports selectively; widely believed to hold more 2300.0 t 5.0% of reserves

7 🇨🇭Switzerland 1040.0 t 9.0% of reserves

8 🇮🇳India Steady buyer through the current cycle 880.0 t 11.0% of reserves

9 🇯🇵Japan 846.0 t 5.0% of reserves

10 🇹🇷Turkey One of the heaviest buyers since 2022 620.0 t 35.0% of reserves

11 🇳🇱Netherlands 612.5 t 62.0% of reserves

12 🇵🇱Poland Fastest-growing European holder 510.0 t 20.0% of reserves

13 🇹🇼Taiwan 423.6 t 5.0% of reserves

14 🇵🇹Portugal 382.6 t 74.0% of reserves

15 🇺🇿Uzbekistan 370.0 t 75.0% of reserves

16 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia 323.1 t 5.0% of reserves

17 🇬🇧United Kingdom 310.3 t 13.0% of reserves

18 🇰🇿Kazakhstan 290.0 t 55.0% of reserves

19 🇱🇧Lebanon 286.8 t 55.0% of reserves

20 🇪🇸Spain 281.6 t 20.0% of reserves

21 🇦🇹Austria 280.0 t 62.0% of reserves

22 🇹🇭Thailand 234.5 t 8.0% of reserves

23 🇧🇪Belgium 227.4 t 42.0% of reserves

24 🇸🇬Singapore 220.0 t 5.0% of reserves

25 🇩🇿Algeria 173.6 t 17.0% of reserves

26 🇧🇩Bangladesh Held by Bangladesh Bank 14.0 t 2.0% of reserves

How to read this table

Tonnes are what a central bank reports holding. Some states buy quietly and report late, so the true figures for a few countries run ahead of the published ones. The right-hand share tells you how much of a country's total reserves sit in gold — a number that has been rising almost everywhere since 2022.

Why this page matters for the price

Official buying is the steadiest demand in the market. The lesson on what moves gold explains how it works, and where it stops working.

Read the lesson